Coral reefs are not just beautiful underwater decorations. They form the core of ecosystems that support more than a quarter of all known types of oceans. When these reefs are damaged, they not only affect fish and ocean life but also affect human care, coastal protection, and critical parts of our future.
Why Coral Reefs Matter to Humans
It can be difficult to understand why coral reefs are so important to many people who live far from the ocean. However, for coastal communities, coral reefs are the foundation of life, supporting fishermen, divers, and tourism operators. According to UNEP, coral reefs support around 1 billion people worldwide by providing food, revenue, and natural protection against storms and coastal erosion. Coral reefs also offer enormous economic value. Coral reef ecosystem services are estimated at $2.7 trillion per year due to tourism, fishing, and coastal protection. They act as natural barriers, reducing the energy of waves that hit the coast by up to 97%.
Growing Threats to Coral Reefs
The threat to coral reefs is becoming increasingly serious. According to Reuters, the world has experienced a fourth global coral bleaching, affecting more than 54% of coral reefs around the world. Bleaching is caused by abnormal water temperatures, causing corals to ward off the colorful algae that live in the tissue. Without the assistance of algae in providing nutrients to corals, corals will not survive.
Coral bleaching captured beneath the ocean surface — a visible sign of rising sea temperatures and climate stress. Credit: The Ocean Agency / Ocean Image Bank
Over the past decade, around 14% of the world’s coral reefs have been lost due to global warming, pollution, and destructive human activity. Local stressors aggravate the load sensitivity of corals. The sedimentation from the land and waste, overfishing and destructive fishing practices, and marine testing caused by increased CO₂ levels make coral reefs even more susceptible to heat loads. This is like a double strike. Rising sea temperatures weaken corals, and human pressure accelerates their collapse.
UNEP reports that coral reefs are one of the most susceptible marine ecosystems to climate change and local pressures. Even if global warming ends, up to 90% of coral reefs could disappear by 2050 due to long marine cases. The collapse of coral reefs also threatens the balance of marine ecosystems that support blue carbon storage, such as mangroves and seagrass beds. In fact, coral reefs themselves do not play a significant role in biological blue carbon storage — a common misconception is that corals store carbon in the same way as mangroves or seagrass do.
Credit: Axios
Coral Reefs and Climate Change: An Overlooked Ally
Coral reefs aren’t just victims of climate change. Along with other coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and seagrass beds, they play a vital role in supporting the balance of marine ecosystems that contribute to blue carbon storage. While coral reefs themselves do not significantly store biological blue carbon, their health is essential for protecting and maintaining the ecosystems that do — such as seagrass beds and mangroves.
When coral reefs are damaged or die, the loss of this protection can indirectly lead to the decline of nearby blue carbon ecosystems, reducing the ocean’s ability to absorb and store carbon. This, in turn, can exacerbate the ongoing climate crisis. In short, losing coral reefs means losing one of our strongest natural allies in the fight against global warming.
Our Role: From Spectators to Protectors
The health of coral reefs is not only the responsibility of scientists and governments — it depends on all of us. Every individual can play a part in protecting marine ecosystems by reducing pollution, using reef-safe products, avoiding single-use plastics, and supporting sustainable seafood choices. Participating in coastal clean-ups, learning about ocean conservation, or supporting local reef restoration initiatives can also make a real difference. Small actions, when multiplied by millions, can create powerful waves of change to protect our oceans and the life within them.
Protecting the Heart of the Ocean, Protecting Our Future
Coral reefs can hide deep in the ocean, but the country reaches its effect, affecting our food, economy, and air. They are quiet minds that sustain life on Earth. When this heart stops beating, humanity loses its own future pulsation. Today we still have the opportunity to act – not only for the ocean, but for the survival of humans. Protecting coral reefs means protecting your entire life for today and for generations to come.
In Indonesia, Seasoldier continues to take this mission to heart through hands-on coral conservation efforts across multiple regions. By 2025, Seasoldier has successfully transplanted 3.775 coral reefs across several key conservation sites, ensuring that damaged reef areas can recover and once again support vibrant marine life. These restoration efforts span diverse locations, including Pulau Pramuka (Jakarta), Barang Lompo (Makassar), Morella Beach (Ambon), Pulau Lemukutan (West Kalimantan), and three sites in North Sulawesi: Sangihe, Siau, and Likupang.
Coral conservation with Seasoldier begins with a thorough site assessment to evaluate reef conditions, feasibility, and determine the most suitable restoration methods for each location. The process then continues with coral transplantation and various restoration activities, combined with educational programs that raise awareness about the importance of coral ecosystems. To ensure long-term success, every restored reef is monitored and maintained for at least one year, allowing the corals to adapt and thrive naturally in their habitat.
Local communities play an essential role in this process. They are actively involved in both restoration and monitoring, making coral conservation not only an environmental initiative but also a source of social and economic empowerment. Through this community-based approach, Seasoldier conservation teams manage every step, from assessment and transplantation to long-term care, ensuring that the ocean’s heartbeat continues to strengthen for generations to come.
Writer: Novi Wiji Lestari
Editor: Diyah Deviyanti
Reference:
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2025). Why protecting coral reefs matters. UNEP. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/protecting-coral-reefs/why-protecting-coral-reefs-matters
- World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). (2025). Coral reefs and climate change. WWF-UK. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.wwf.org.uk/coral-reefs-and-climate-change
- Reuters. (2024). Coral reefs suffer fourth global bleaching event, NOAA says. Reuters. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/coral-reefs-suffer-fourth-global-bleaching-event-noaa-says-2024-04-15/
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2025). Coral reefs. UNEP. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/blue-ecosystems/coral-reefs
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). (2025). Ocean action. WCS. Retrieved September 11, 2025, fromhttps://www.wcs.org/our-work/oceanaction
Photos:
- Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images. (2021, October 5). Dead coral on the ocean bed in the Straits of Florida near Key Largo, Florida. Axios. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.axios.com/2021/10/05/corals-loss-ecosystems-ocean-sciencehttps://www.axios.com/2021/10/05/corals-loss-ecosystems-ocean-science
- Vevers, R. (n.d.). Coral bleaching [Photograph]. The Ocean Agency / Ocean Image Bank. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.theoceanagency.org/ocean-image-bank/coral-bleaching?img=YGX_LxMAACAAYVIm